This essay will highlight the contributions of the biracial "Black and Tan Conventions" that drafted state constitutions pursuant to the Reconstruction Acts of 1867. I make the following conclusions: (1) that the work of these Conventions was necessary to the making of the Fourteenth Amendment, (2) that this work provides critical, if not dispositive, evidence as to that Amendment’s original meaning—especially as to what the Amendment did not prohibit—and (3) that members of the bench, bar, and academy have unjustly neglected this contribution—a neglect that has become a deafening silence among those advocating racial diversity or originalism, and the combination thereof as “diverse originalism.”Download the article from SSRN at the link.
April 30, 2025
Upham on The "Black and Tan Conventions," Diverse Originalism, and the Fourteenth Amendment
David B. Upham, St. Thomas University; Uniersity of Dallas, is publishing The "Black and Tan Conventions," Diverse Originalism, and the Fourteenth Amendment in the Mississippi Law Journal. Here is the abstract.
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